Application footprint recorder and synchronizer

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for receiving, at a server computer, an indication that a user is exiting an application on a client device displaying a first document, causing a footprint of the first document to be stored, receiving, at the server computer, a request for a second document from the client device operated by the user, determining that the user is enrolled in a footprint services, retrieving a footprint associated with the user including information related to a document previously accessed by the user, causing information related to the footprint to be displayed to the user on the client device, receiving, from the client device operated by the user, a response to the information related to the footprint displayed to the user on the client device, determining, from the response, a request to display the document associated with the footprint, and causing the document associated with the footprint to be displayed to the user instead of the second document requested by the user.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No.14/953,961, filed on Nov. 30, 2015, which is incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to a mechanism for recordingand synchronizing application footprints.

BACKGROUND

A user may utilize an application on a device to access documents suchas various webpages associated with websites on the Internet. Afterexiting the application there is no easy way for a user to return to thesame document at a later time, especially if the user is using adifferent application or device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various ones of the appended drawings merely illustrate exampleembodiments of the present disclosure and should not be considered aslimiting its scope.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a networked system, according tosome example embodiments, to record and synchronize applicationfootprints.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating aspects of a method, according tosome example embodiments, for registering a user in footprint servicesand storing footprint information.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating aspects of a method, according tosome example embodiments, for retrieving and utilizing footprintinformation.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating aspects of a method, according tosome example embodiments, for recording application footprints.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary display on a client device, according to someexample embodiments.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary display on a client device, according to someexample embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a softwarearchitecture that may be installed on a machine, according to someexample embodiments, configured to record and synchronize browserfootprints.

FIG. 8 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine, in theform of a computer system, within which a set of instructions may beexecuted for causing the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein, according to an example embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Systems and methods described herein relate to recording andsynchronizing application footprints. For example, the system describedherein may record an application footprint, save the footprint to aserver, and then when a user accesses the application again to request anew document, the footprint will get synchronized from the footprintserver to the application automatically. The user can then choose tojump to the document associated with the footprint or continue on to thenew document. The synchronization may occur across different types ofdevices and across different types of platforms.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a networked system 100, accordingto some example embodiments, configured to record and synchronizeapplication footprints. The system 100 may include one or more clientdevices such as client device 110. The client device 110 may comprise,but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop,portable digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones, tablets, ultra books,netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes,computers in vehicles, or any other communication device that a user mayutilize to access the networked system 100. In some embodiments, theclient device 110 may comprise a display module (not shown) to displayinformation (e.g., in the form of user interfaces). In furtherembodiments, the client device 110 may comprise one or more of touchscreens, accelerometers, gyroscopes, cameras, microphones, globalpositioning system (GPS) devices, and so forth.

The client device 110 may be a device of a user 106 that is used tosearch and display various information, such as information on theInternet via an application such as a web browser, etc. In oneembodiment, the system 100 is an application (e.g., web browser)footprint recorder and synchronizer that allows a user 106 to enroll infootprint services to restore the user to a previous document (e.g.,webpage) that he was viewing before he logged off the website or closedthe application. A user 106 may use more than one device 110 or morethan one type of device 110 to access an application and document, insome example embodiments. A user may use more than one clientapplication 114 on the one or more client devices 110, in some exampleembodiments.

One or more users 106 may be a person, a machine, or other means ofinteracting with the client device 110. In example embodiments, the user106 may not be part of the system 100, but may interact with the system100 via the client device 110 or other means. For instance, the user 106may provide input (e.g., touch screen input or alphanumeric input) tothe client device 110 and the input may be communicated to otherentities in the system 100 (e.g., third party servers 130, server system102, etc.) via the network 104. In this instance, the other entities inthe system 100, in response to receiving the input from the user 106,may communicate information to the client device 110 via the network 104to be presented to the user 106. In this way, the user 106 may interactwith the various entities in the system 100 using the client device 110.

The system 100 may further include a network 104. One or more portionsof network 104 may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, avirtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wirelessLAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, a portion ofthe Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cellular telephonenetwork, a wireless network, a WiFi network, a WiMax network, anothertype of network, or a combination of two or more such networks.

The client device 110 may access the various data and applicationsprovided by other entities in the system 100 via web client 112 (e.g., abrowser, such as the Internet Explorer® browser developed by Microsoft®Corporation of Redmond, Wash. State) or one or more client applications114. The client device 110 may include one or more applications 114(also referred to as “apps”) such as, but not limited to, a web browser,messaging application, electronic mail (email) application, ane-commerce site application, a mapping or location application, a newsor media application, and the like. In some embodiments, one or moreapplications 114 may be included in a given one of the client device110, and configured to locally provide the user interface and at leastsome of the functionalities with the application 114 configured tocommunicate with other entities in the system 100 (e.g., web servers130, server system 102, etc.), on an as needed basis, for data and/orprocessing capabilities not locally available (e.g., access to variousinformation, to authenticate a user 106, to verify a method of payment,to retrieve/synchronize footprints, etc.). Conversely, one or moreapplications 114 may not be included in the client device 110, and thenthe client device 110 may use its web browser to access the one or moreapplications hosted on other entities in the system 100 (e.g., webservers 130, server system 102, etc.).

A server system 102 may provide server-side functionality via thenetwork 104 (e.g., the Internet or wide area network (WAN)) to one ormore web servers 130 and/or one or more client devices 110. The serversystem 102 may include an application program interface (API) server120, and a footprint server 122, that may be communicatively coupledwith one or more database(s) 126. The database(s) 126 may be storagedevices that store information such as information associated with usersof the system 100, information related to application footprints, etc.

The footprint server 122 may provide functionality to receive footprintinformation, user information, etc., and to store such information inone or more database(s) 126. The footprint server 122 may furtherprovide functionality to receive requests for user and/or footprintinformation, and send information related to users and footprintinformation to other entities such as web server(s) 130 or clientdevices 110. The footprint server 122 may access one or more database(s)126 to retrieve stored data and to store such data. Footprintinformation may include information to identify at least the lastdocument viewed by the user (e.g., URL, title, summary, etc.). Footprintinformation may also include information associated with the user (e.g.,user name, password, PIN, address, phone number, IP address, deviceidentifier, etc.). A document may include a hypertext document thatincorporates at least one of text, graphics, video, and audio, such as awebpage.

The system 100 may further include one or more web server(s) 130. Theweb server(s) 130 may be associated with a separate entity than theserver system 102 (e.g., a third party) or may be associated with thesame entity as server system 102. The one or more web servers 130 mayinclude one or more application(s) 132 and one or more website(s) 136(e.g., websites hosted by web servers 130). The one or moreapplication(s) 132, executing on web server(s) 130, may interact withthe server system 102, for example, via API server 120 via aprogrammatic interface provided by the API server 120. And the one ormore websites 136 may interact with the server system 102, for example,via API server 120 via a programmatic interface provided by API server120. For example, one or more of the applications 132 and/or websites136 may request and utilize information from the server system 102 viathe API server 120 to support one or more features or functions on awebsite hosted by the web server 130 or an application hosted by the webserver 130. The website 136 or application 132, for example, may providevarious functionality related to footprint recording and synchronizingthat are supported by relevant functionality and data in the serversystem 102. The database(s) 134 may be storage devices that storeinformation such as information associated with footprints, users,applications, websites, etc.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating aspects of a method 200, accordingto some example embodiments, for registering a user in footprintservices and storing footprint information. For illustrative purposes,method 200 is described with respect to the networked system 100 ofFIG. 1. It is to be understood that method 200 may be practiced withother system configurations in other embodiments.

As shown in operation 202, a server computer such as web server 130 mayreceive an indication from a client device 110 that a user is exiting anapplication (e.g., logging off of an application (e.g., a website) orclosing an application (e.g., a web browser)) displaying a firstdocument (e.g., a first webpage). For example, web server 130 may hostone or more websites 136. A website hosted by web server 130 may beaccessed by a user using a client device 110 and a client application114 or web client 112 such as a web browser. The user may access anynumber of websites or webpages in any given session or time. After theuser is finished accessing the current website and webpage (e.g., afirst webpage), he may log off the website or close his web browser. Forexample, a user may log off the website by selecting an option (e.g., alink or menu item) to sign off or log off the website or may close hisbrowser by selecting an option (e.g., a button or menu item in thebrowser) to close the browser. The web server 130 may receive anindication that the user has logged off or closed his browser from thebrowser itself, or from a plugin that is installed in the web browser oron the client device 110 that can detect when a user has logged off orhas closed the browser and send a message to the web server 130 (asexamples).

When the web server 130 receives an indication that the user hasfinished his browsing session, the web server 130 may determine whetherthe user is enrolled in footprint services to save a footprint of atleast the last website visited by the user (see operation 203). Forexample, the web server 130 may determine that the user is enrolled infootprint services by looking up information associated with the user inone or more databases 134.

In another example, the web server 130 may determine that the user isenrolled in footprint services by sending a message to server system102. In this example, the web server 130 may request user enrollmentinformation from server system 102 via API server 120. The request foruser enrollment information may include information such as informationassociated with the user (e.g., user identifier, user password, etc.),information associated with client device 110 (e.g., IP address, deviceidentifier, etc.), and/or information associated with the website orwebpage footprint (e.g., Uniform Resource Locator (URL), title ofwebpage, summary of webpage, etc.).

The server system 102 may then determine whether or not the user isenrolled in footprint services by looking up information associated withthe user in one or more databases 126. The server system 102 may thenreturn an indication of whether or not the user is enrolled in thefootprint services. The server system 102 may also return footprintinformation or additional information about the user, one or more clientdevices 110, etc. If the user is enrolled in footprint services, theserver system 102 may also store information associated with the user,client device 110, footprint, etc., in one or more databases 126.

If the web server 130 determines that the user is enrolled in footprintservices, the web server 130 may cause the footprint information to bestored, as shown in operation 210. For example, the web server 130 maystore the footprint information in one or more database(s) 134. The webserver 130 may associate the footprint information with informationassociated with the user (e.g., user identifier, password, etc.). Theweb server 130 may also store information associated with the clientdevice 110 (e.g., IP address, device identifier, hardware or softwarespecifications, etc.).

In another example the server system 102 may store the footprintinformation in one or more database(s) 126. The server system 102 mayassociate the footprint information with information associated with theuser (e.g., user identifier, password, IP address, device identifier,etc.). The server system 102 may also store information associated withthe client device 110 (e.g., IP address, device identifier, hardware orsoftware specifications, etc.). The server system 102 may store thisinformation received from the web server 130 based on a determinationthat the user is enrolled in footprint services or may receive thisinformation after the web server 130 determines that the user isenrolled in footprint services.

If the web server 130 determines that the user is not enrolled infootprint services, the web server 130 may send a notification to theuser (e.g., to the client device 110) to ask if the user would like toenroll in the footprint services (see operation 204). For example, theweb server may cause a notification 500 to display on the client device110 used by the user such as the one shown in FIG. 5. The user mayrespond to the request by providing an input to enroll or not to enroll.For example, the user can click or touch a button (e.g., 510, 512) on adisplay of a client device 110 as shown in FIG. 5 or by other means.

As shown in operation 206, the web server 130 may receive the responsefrom the user (e.g., via a client device 110) and determine whether theuser desired to enroll in the footprint services (see operation 208). Ifthe response indicates that the user does not wish to enroll, theprocess ends. If the response indicates that the user would like toenroll in footprint services, the web server 130 may cause the footprintof the last website the user was viewing to be stored, as shown inoperation 210 and described above. The web server 130 may requestadditional information from the user such as a user identifier, userpassword or PIN, etc. In the alternative, the web server 130 mayautomatically detect or determine this information without requiring theuser to provide information. For example, the web server 130 may alreadyhave a user identifier (e.g., user name, email address, login name,phone number, address, etc.) and/or password PIN information stored inone or more databases 134. Or the web server 130 may be able todetermine the user based on information obtained from the client device110 such as an IP address, device identifier, information from cookiesor similar technology, etc.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating aspects of a method 300, accordingto some example embodiments, for retrieving and utilizing footprintinformation. For illustrative purposes, method 300 is described withrespect to the networked system 100 of FIG. 1. It is to be understoodthat method 300 may be practiced with other system configurations inother embodiments.

As shown in operation 302, a server computer such as web server 130 mayreceive a request for a document such as a webpage from a client device110. For example, a user may type in a URL into his web browser or otherapplication, may click or press a link, icon, button, use voice, etc.,to indicate a website, etc. This information may be sent by the clientdevice 110 to the web server 130. Once the web server 130 receives therequest for the webpage it may determine information identifying theuser (see operation 304). The web server 130 may determine informationassociated with the user by requesting further information from theclient device 110, from additional information received from the clientdevice 110 in the request for the webpage, or from additionalinformation from a user logging into the webpage with a user identifierand user password.

The web server 130 may determine whether the user is enrolled infootprint services, as explained above. As shown in operation 306, theweb server 130 may determine that a user is enrolled in footprintservices and, as shown in operation 308, retrieve footprint informationassociated with the user. For example, the web server 130 may retrievefootprint information associated with a user by looking up informationassociated with the user in one or more databases 134. In anotherexample, the web server 130 may retrieve footprint informationassociated with the user by sending a message to server system 102. Inthis example, the web server 130 may request footprint information fromserver system 102 via API server 120. The request may includeinformation such as information associated with the user (e.g., useridentifier, user password, etc.), information associated with clientdevice 110 (e.g., IP address, device identifier, etc.), and/orinformation associated with the website or webpage footprint (e.g.,Uniform Resource Locator (URL), title of webpage, summary of webpage,etc.).

The server system 102 may then look up information associated with theuser in one or more database to determine footprint information. Theserver system 102 may send the footprint information to the web server130. Footprint information may include a URL, a title of a document, asummary of document, a form or format of a document, a bookmark of adocument, or other information to identify a document such as a webpage.The web server 130 may receive the footprint information from the serversystem 102.

As shown in operation 310, the web server 130 may cause the footprintinformation to be displayed to the user on the client device 110. Forexample, the user may be asked if he would like to return to theprevious webpage that he was viewing (610) or continue to the currentwebpage (612) that he requested, as shown in FIG. 6. The informationdisplayed to the user may include the URL and/or title from the previousweb page, or a short summary description of the website. The informationmay also include the date and time the user last viewed the webpageand/or the client device the user was using (e.g., mobile phone, tablet,computer, etc.). For instance, the web server 130 may determine that theuser was shopping for particular items (e.g., clothing, shoes,electronics, a particular product, etc.), reading a particular articleor publication, looking up restaurant information, etc., and cancustomize the notification to ask if he would like to return to shoppingfor the particular item, reading about the particular subject orparticular article, viewing restaurant information, etc. The user mayrespond to the footprint information by indicating that he would like toreturn to the previous webpage associated with the footprint informationor go to the current web page that he has requested.

As shown in operation 312, the web server 130 may receive the userresponse to the footprint information from the client device 110 and, asshown in operation 314, the web server 130 may determine the webpage todisplay. For example, if the response to the footprint informationindicates a user desire to continue to the current webpage, the webserver 130 may cause the current webpage to display. If the response tothe footprint information indicates a user desire to return to thewebpage associated with the footprint, the web server 130 may cause thewebpage associated with the footprint to display. The appropriate webpage is then displayed on the client device 110.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating aspects of a method 400, accordingto some example embodiments, for retrieving and utilizing footprintinformation. For illustrative purposes, method 400 is described withrespect to the networked system 100 of FIG. 1. It is to be understoodthat method 400 may be practiced with other system configurations inother embodiments.

As shown in operation 402, a server computer such as web server 130 mayreceive an indication that a user is exiting an application (e.g.,logging off of a website or closing a web browser displaying a firstwebpage), as explained in further detail above. The web server 130 maythen determine whether a user is enrolled in footprint services (seeoperation 404), as also explained above.

As shown in operation 406, the web server 130 may determine that theuser is enrolled in footprint services, and cause a footprint to bestored (as described above). The footprint may replace the existingfootprint that is stored, or the footprint may be stored in addition tothe existing footprint. A timestamp may also be stored with thefootprint to indicate a date and/or time the webpage associated with thefootprint was accessed.

Embodiments described herein allow for footprint access across platformsand devices. For example, a user may use different web browsers andapplications. In one particular example, a user may be using a first webbrowser on a first client device 110 to view various websites andwebpages. The last website or webpage viewed before the user logged offor closed his browser may be stored as a footprint in one or moredatabases 126 in server system 102. The user may then open a second webbrowser either on the first client device 110 or a second client device110. The user information may be determined as explained above, and theuser may be prompted to return to the webpage that he was viewing on thefirst web browser (either on the first or second device).

For example, user information may include information indicating that auser is associated with several different devices (e.g., mobile phone,tablet, personal computer) based on IP addresses or device identifiers,or other identifying information from these devices. In this way theuser may be able to pick up the same website (e.g., finish shopping,reading an article, etc.) where he left off regardless of which webbrowser, application, or device he is using. Accordingly the footprintservices may be used across platforms and devices. Moreover, the systemmay save the footprint for the document last viewed/accessed for eachdevice associated with the user. Thus, the system allows fornotification to the user to return to the last webpage from multipledevices. For example, a notification may be displayed on a client device110 asking the user if he would like to return to shopping forelectronics (e.g., from a last document viewed/accessed on his tablet),or finish reading a particular article (e.g., from a last documentviewed/accessed on his mobile phone), etc. Then the user may choosewhich document to continue viewing on one of the same devices or adifferent device.

Embodiments described herein allow for recording an entire user'soperation on a webpage or multiple webpages/websites. For example, eachtime a footprint is stored in one or more databases 126 in server system102, it can be associated with a timestamp. This can be used toreproduce the user's operations exactly as they occurred. This can helpa user analyze their favorite or most utilized websites/webpages orallow for investigation when there is a need to reproduce user behavior(e.g., technical issue with a web browser, application, client device,etc.).

Footprint information may allow for further analysis of the information.For example, footprint information may be analyzed to determineindividual user behavior, many users' behaviors, and to sort and groupusers by interest in various websites/webpages.

In embodiments described herein, the web server(s) 130 and the serversystem 102 may exchange footprint and user information (including deviceinformation) as new information becomes available, or in batch atregular intervals (e.g., minutes, hours, days) to update theirrespective database(s) 134 and 126. Moreover, the web server(s) 130and/or the server system 102 may only store the footprint of the lastdocument (e.g., webpage) viewed or accessed by the user or may store anentire browsing session or a series of browsing sessions. In addition,the web server(s) 130 and/or the server system 102 may store thefootprint for each document viewed or accessed by a user (e.g., each URLthat the user accesses) as the user views/accesses the document (eitherto replace the last document or as a series of documentsviewed/accessed).

FIG. 7 is a block diagram 700 illustrating an architecture of software702, which can be installed on any one or more of the devices describedabove. For example, in various embodiments, client devices 110 andserver systems 130, 102, 120, and 122 may be implemented using some orall of the elements of software architecture 702. FIG. 7 is merely anon-limiting example of a software architecture, and it will beappreciated that many other architectures can be implemented tofacilitate the functionality described herein. In various embodiments,the software architecture 702 is implemented by hardware such as machine900 of FIG. 8 that includes processors 910, memory 930, and I/Ocomponents 950. In this example, the software architecture 702 can beconceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer may provide aparticular functionality. For example, the software architecture 702includes layers such as an operating system 704, libraries 706,frameworks 708, and applications 710. Operationally, the applications710 invoke application programming interface (API) calls 712 through thesoftware stack and receive messages 714 in response to the API calls712, consistent with some embodiments.

In various implementations, the operating system 704 manages hardwareresources and provides common services. The operating system 704includes, for example, a kernel 720, services 722, and drivers 724. Thekernel 720 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and theother software layers, consistent with some embodiments. For example,the kernel 720 provides memory management, processor management (e.g.,scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings,among other functionality. The services 722 can provide other commonservices for the other software layers. The drivers 724 are responsiblefor controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware, accordingto some embodiments. For instance, the drivers 724 can include displaydrivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers,flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., UniversalSerial Bus (USB) drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, powermanagement drivers, and so forth.

In some embodiments, the libraries 706 provide a low-level commoninfrastructure utilized by the applications 710. The libraries 706 caninclude system libraries 730 (e.g., C standard library) that can providefunctions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulationfunctions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, thelibraries 706 can include API libraries 732 such as media libraries(e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of variousmedia formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), AdvancedVideo Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3),Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec,Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable NetworkGraphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used torender in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in graphiccontent on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to providevarious relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit toprovide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 706 canalso include a wide variety of other libraries 734 to provide many otherAPIs to the applications 710.

The frameworks 708 provide a high-level common infrastructure that canbe utilized by the applications 710, according to some embodiments. Forexample, the frameworks 708 provide various graphic user interface (GUI)functions, high-level resource management, high-level location services,and so forth. The frameworks 708 can provide a broad spectrum of otherAPIs that can be utilized by the applications 710, some of which may bespecific to a particular operating system 704 or platform.

In an example embodiment, the applications 710 include a homeapplication 750, a contacts application 752, a browser application 754,a book reader application 756, a location application 758, a mediaapplication 760, a messaging application 762, a game application 764,and a broad assortment of other applications such as a third partyapplications 766 and 767. According to some embodiments, theapplications 710 are programs that execute functions defined in theprograms. Various programming languages can be employed to create one ormore of the applications 710, structured in a variety of manners, suchas object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, orC++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language).In a specific example, the third party application 766 (e.g., anapplication developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software developmentkit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform)may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such asIOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. Inthis example, the third party application 766 can invoke the API calls712 provided by the operating system 704 to facilitate functionalitydescribed herein.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 900,according to some embodiments, able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) andperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.Specifically, FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine900 in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions916 (e.g., software, a program, an application 710, an applet, an app,or other executable code) for causing the machine 900 to perform any oneor more of the methodologies discussed herein can be executed. Inalternative embodiments, the machine 900 operates as a standalone deviceor can be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networkeddeployment, the machine 900 may operate in the capacity of a servermachine 130, 102, 120, 122, etc., or a client device 110 in aserver-client network environment, or as a peer machine in apeer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine 900 cancomprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, apersonal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook,a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, acellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device(e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance),other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a networkswitch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing theinstructions 916, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to betaken by the machine 900. Further, while only a single machine 900 isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include acollection of machines 900 that individually or jointly execute theinstructions 916 to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein.

In various embodiments, the machine 900 comprises processors 910, memory930, and I/O components 950, which can be configured to communicate witheach other via a bus 902. In an example embodiment, the processors 910(e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction setcomputing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC)processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor(DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), aradio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or anysuitable combination thereof) include, for example, a processor 912 anda processor 914 that may execute the instructions 916. The term“processor” is intended to include multi-core processors 910 that maycomprise two or more independent processors 912, 914 (also referred toas “cores”) that can execute instructions 916 contemporaneously.Although FIG. 8 shows multiple processors 910, the machine 900 mayinclude a single processor 910 with a single core, a single processor910 with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor 910), multipleprocessors 912, 914 with a single core, multiple processors 910, 912with multiples cores, or any combination thereof.

The memory 930 comprises a main memory 932, a static memory 934, and astorage unit 936 accessible to the processors 910 via the bus 902,according to some embodiments. The storage unit 936 can include amachine-readable medium 938 on which are stored the instructions 916embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions describedherein. The instructions 916 can also reside, completely or at leastpartially, within the main memory 932, within the static memory 934,within at least one of the processors 910 (e.g., within the processor'scache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during executionthereof by the machine 900. Accordingly, in various embodiments, themain memory 932, the static memory 934, and the processors 910 areconsidered machine-readable media 938.

As used herein, the term “memory” refers to a machine-readable medium938 able to store data temporarily or permanently and may be taken toinclude, but not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, and cache memory. While themachine-readable medium 938 is shown, in an example embodiment, to be asingle medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken toinclude a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to storethe instructions 916. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also betaken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that iscapable of storing instructions (e.g., instructions 916) for executionby a machine (e.g., machine 900), such that the instructions 916, whenexecuted by one or more processors of the machine 900 (e.g., processors910), cause the machine 900 to perform any one or more of themethodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium”refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based”storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storageapparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” shallaccordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, one or more datarepositories in the form of a solid-state memory (e.g., flash memory),an optical medium, a magnetic medium, other non-volatile memory (e.g.,erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM)), or any suitablecombination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” specificallyexcludes non-statutory signals per se.

The I/O components 950 include a wide variety of components to receiveinput, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchangeinformation, capture measurements, and so on. In general, it will beappreciated that the I/O components 950 can include many othercomponents that are not shown in FIG. 8. The I/O components 950 aregrouped according to functionality merely for simplifying the followingdiscussion, and the grouping is in no way limiting. In various exampleembodiments, the I/O components 950 include output components 952 andinput components 954. The output components 952 include visualcomponents (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), alight emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), aprojector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g.,speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor), other signalgenerators, and so forth. The input components 954 include alphanumericinput components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receivealphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumericinput components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, atouchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointinginstruments), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touchscreen that provides location and force of touches or touch gestures, orother tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., amicrophone), and the like.

In some further example embodiments, the I/O components 950 includebiometric components 956, motion components 958, environmentalcomponents 960, or position components 962, among a wide array of othercomponents. For example, the biometric components 956 include componentsto detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocalexpressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g.,blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brainwaves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinalidentification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, orelectroencephalogram based identification), and the like. The motioncomponents 958 include acceleration sensor components (e.g.,accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensorcomponents (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental components960 include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g.,photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or morethermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensorcomponents, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acousticsensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect backgroundnoise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detectnearby objects), gas sensor components (e.g., machine olfactiondetection sensors, gas detection sensors to detect concentrations ofhazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere),or other components that may provide indications, measurements, orsignals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. Theposition components 962 include location sensor components (e.g., aGlobal Positioning System (GPS) receiver component), altitude sensorcomponents (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure fromwhich altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g.,magnetometers), and the like.

Communication can be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The I/O components 950 may include communication components 964 operableto couple the machine 900 to a network 980 or devices 970 via a coupling982 and a coupling 972, respectively. For example, the communicationcomponents 964 include a network interface component or another suitabledevice to interface with the network 980. In further examples,communication components 964 include wired communication components,wireless communication components, cellular communication components,near field communication (NFC) components, BLUETOOTH® components (e.g.,BLUETOOTH® Low Energy), WI-FI® components, and other communicationcomponents to provide communication via other modalities. The devices970 may be another machine 900 or any of a wide variety of peripheraldevices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a Universal Serial Bus(USB)).

Moreover, in some embodiments, the communication components 964 detectidentifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. Forexample, the communication components 964 include radio frequencyidentification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detectioncomponents, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detecta one-dimensional bar codes such as a Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode, multi-dimensional bar codes such as a Quick Response (QR) code,Aztec Code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code,Uniform Commercial Code Reduced Space Symbology (UCC RSS)-2D bar codes,and other optical codes), acoustic detection components (e.g.,microphones to identify tagged audio signals), or any suitablecombination thereof. In addition, a variety of information can bederived via the communication components 964, such as location viaInternet Protocol (IP) geo-location, location via WI-FI® signaltriangulation, location via detecting a BLUETOOTH® or NFC beacon signalthat may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

In various example embodiments, one or more portions of the network 980can be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual privatenetwork (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a widearea network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network(MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the publicswitched telephone network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS)network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a WI-FI®network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more suchnetworks. For example, the network 980 or a portion of the network 980may include a wireless or cellular network, and the coupling 982 may bea Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System forMobile communications (GSM) connection, or another type of cellular orwireless coupling. In this example, the coupling 982 can implement anyof a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as SingleCarrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized(EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology,Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, thirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generationwireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability forMicrowave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, othersdefined by various standard-setting organizations, other long rangeprotocols, or other data transfer technology.

In example embodiments, the instructions 916 are transmitted or receivedover the network 980 using a transmission medium via a network interfacedevice (e.g., a network interface component included in thecommunication components 964) and utilizing any one of a number ofwell-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)). Similarly, in other example embodiments, the instructions 916are transmitted or received using a transmission medium via the coupling972 (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 970. The term“transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible mediumthat is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions 916for execution by the machine 900, and includes digital or analogcommunications signals or other intangible media to facilitatecommunication of such software.

Furthermore, the machine-readable medium 938 is non-transitory (in otherwords, not having any transitory signals) in that it does not embody apropagating signal. However, labeling the machine-readable medium 938“non-transitory” should not be construed to mean that the medium isincapable of movement; the medium 938 should be considered as beingtransportable from one physical location to another. Additionally, sincethe machine-readable medium 938 is tangible, the medium 938 may beconsidered to be a machine-readable device.

Throughout this specification, plural instances may implementcomponents, operations, or structures described as a single instance.Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustratedand described as separate operations, one or more of the individualoperations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that theoperations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures andfunctionality presented as separate components in example configurationsmay be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly,structures and functionality presented as a single component may beimplemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter herein.

Although an overview of the inventive subject matter has been describedwith reference to specific example embodiments, various modificationsand changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from thebroader scope of embodiments of the present disclosure

The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient detail toenable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed.Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such thatstructural and logical substitutions and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of this disclosure. The Detailed Description,therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope ofvarious embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along withthe full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive orexclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided forresources, operations, or structures described herein as a singleinstance. Additionally, boundaries between various resources,operations, modules, engines, and data stores are somewhat arbitrary,and particular operations are illustrated in a context of specificillustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality areenvisioned and may fall within a scope of various embodiments of thepresent disclosure. In general, structures and functionality presentedas separate resources in the example configurations may be implementedas a combined structure or resource. Similarly, structures andfunctionality presented as a single resource may be implemented asseparate resources. These and other variations, modifications,additions, and improvements fall within a scope of embodiments of thepresent disclosure as represented by the appended claims. Thespecification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving, at a servercomputer, an indication that a user is exiting an application displayinga first document associated with a first website; based on theindication that the user is exiting the application displaying the firstdocument associated with the first website, replacing an existingfootprint associated with the user and associated with a websitedifferent than the first website with a footprint of the first documentin a database such that the existing footprint is no longer stored inthe database, the footprint of the first document comprising informationto identify and summarize the first document and information associatedwith the user; receiving, at the server computer, a request for a seconddocument associated with a second website different from the firstwebsite, from a client device operated by the user; retrieving afootprint associated with the user including information related to thefirst document previously accessed by the user; causing footprintinformation comprising a summary description of the first document basedon the stored information to identify and summarize the first document,to be displayed on the client device; receiving, from the client device,a response to the footprint information displayed on the client deviceindicating a request to display the first document associated with thefootprint and the first website instead of displaying the seconddocument requested by the user and associated with the second websitedifferent from the first website; and causing the first documentassociated with the footprint and the first website to be displayed onthe second client device instead of the second document requested by theuser and associated with the second website different from the firstwebsite.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, fromthe client device, and indication that the user is exiting a secondapplication displaying a third document associated with a third website;and upon receiving the indication that the user is exiting the secondapplication displaying the third document associated with the thirdwebsite, replacing the footprint of the first document with a footprintof the third document in the database such that the footprint of thefirst document is no longer stored in the database, the footprint of thethird document comprising information to identify and summarize thethird document and information associated with the user.
 3. The methodof claim 2, further comprising: storing the footprint of the thirddocument and a timestamp for the third document in addition to thefootprint of the first document and a timestamp for the first document;and reproducing user operations as they occurred based on the storedfootprint of the first document and the stored footprint of the thirddocument.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first document and thethird document are each a hypertext document that incorporates at leastone of text, graphics, video, and audio.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the application is a first application and the request for asecond document from the client device is received via a secondapplication on the client device.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinbefore storing the footprint of the first document the method comprises:identifying the user; determining that the user is not enrolled infootprint services; sending a notification with an option to enroll inthe footprint services; receiving a response from the client device toenroll the user in the footprint services; and enrolling the user in thefootprint services.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the response toenroll the user in the footprint services includes a user identifier andwherein the first document is stored and associated with the useridentifier.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein before retrieving thefootprint associated with the user, the method comprises: determiningthat the user is enrolled in footprint services by matching informationcorresponding to the user with enrollment information stored in adatabase comprising information identifying the user.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the information identifying the user includes at leastone of a user identifier, an IP address, a user password, a user PIN,and a device identifier.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein beforeretrieving the footprint associated with the user, the method comprises:determining that the user is enrolled in a footprint services based on adevice identifier of the client device by: obtaining the deviceidentifier from the client device; and accessing one or more databasesto determine that the device identifier of the client device isassociated with a user enrolled in the footprint services.
 11. A servercomputer comprising: a memory that stores instructions, and one or moreprocessors configured by the instructions to perform operationscomprising: receiving an indication that a user is exiting anapplication displaying a first document associated with a first website;based on the indication that the user is exiting the applicationdisplaying the first document associated with the first website,replacing an existing footprint associated with the user and associatedwith a website different than the first website with a footprint of thefirst document in a database such that the existing footprint is nolonger stored in the database, the footprint of the first documentcomprising information to identify and summarize the first document andinformation associated with the user; receiving a request for a seconddocument associated with a second website different from the firstwebsite, from a client device operated by the user; retrieving afootprint associated with the user including information related to thefirst document previously accessed by the user; causing footprintinformation comprising a summary description of the first document basedon the stored information to identify and summarize the first document,to be displayed on the client device; receiving a response to thefootprint information displayed on the client device indicating arequest to display the first document associated with the footprint andthe first website instead of displaying the second document requested bythe user and associated with the second website different from the firstwebsite; and causing the first document associated with the footprintand the first website to be displayed on the second client deviceinstead of the second document requested by the user and associated withthe second website different from the first website.
 12. The servercomputer of claim 11, further comprising: receiving, from the clientdevice, and indication that the user is exiting a second applicationdisplaying a third document associated with a third website; and uponreceiving the indication that the user is exiting the second applicationdisplaying the third document associated with the third website,replacing the footprint of the first document with a footprint of thethird document in the database such that the footprint of the firstdocument is no longer stored in the database, the footprint of the thirddocument comprising information to identify and summarize the thirddocument and information associated with the user.
 13. The servercomputer of claim 12, further comprising: storing the footprint of thethird document and a timestamp for the third document in addition to thefootprint of the first document and a timestamp for the first document;and reproducing user operations as they occurred based on the storedfootprint of the first document and the stored footprint of the thirddocument.
 14. The server computer of claim 11, wherein the applicationis a first application and the request for a second document from theclient device is received via a second application on the client device.15. The server computer of claim 11, wherein before storing thefootprint of the first document the method comprises: identifying theuser; determining that the user is not enrolled in footprint services;sending a notification with an option to enroll in the footprintservices; receiving a response from the client device to enroll the userin the footprint services; and enrolling the user in the footprintservices.
 16. The server computer of claim 15, wherein the response toenroll the user in the footprint services includes a user identifier andwherein the first document is stored and associated with the useridentifier.
 17. The server computer of claim 11, wherein beforeretrieving the footprint associated with the user, the method comprises:determining that the user is enrolled in footprint services by matchinginformation corresponding to the user with enrollment information storedin a database comprising information identifying the user.
 18. Theserver computer of claim 17, wherein the information identifying theuser includes at least one of a user identifier, an IP address, a userpassword, a user PIN, and a device identifier.
 19. The server computerof claim 11, wherein before retrieving the footprint associated with theuser, the method comprises: determining that the user is enrolled in afootprint services based on a device identifier of the client device by:obtaining the device identifier from the client device; and accessingone or more databases to determine that the device identifier of theclient device is associated with a user enrolled in the footprintservices.
 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprisinginstructions stored thereon that are executable by at least oneprocessor to cause a computing device to perform operations comprising:receiving an indication that a user is exiting an application displayinga first document associated with a first website; based on theindication that the user is exiting the application displaying the firstdocument associated with the first website, replacing an existingfootprint associated with the user and associated with a websitedifferent than the first website with a footprint of the first documentin a database such that the existing footprint is no longer stored inthe database, the footprint of the first document comprising informationto identify and summarize the first document and information associatedwith the user; receiving a request for a second document associated witha second website different from the first website, from a client deviceoperated by the user; retrieving a footprint associated with the userincluding information related to the first document previously accessedby the user; causing footprint information comprising a summarydescription of the first document based on the stored information toidentify and summarize the first document, to be displayed on the clientdevice; receiving a response to the footprint information displayed onthe client device indicating a request to display the first documentassociated with the footprint and the first website instead ofdisplaying the second document requested by the user and associated withthe second website different from the first website; and causing thefirst document associated with the footprint and the first website to bedisplayed on the second client device instead of the second documentrequested by the user and associated with the second website differentfrom the first website.